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The arabic particle بَلْ

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The arabic particle بَلْ Empty The arabic particle بَلْ

Message par Invité Lun 29 Avr - 19:21

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته



In the Noble Qur'an : 122x


According to the Lane's Lexicon :

بَلْ is a particle of digression: (Mughnee, Ḳ:) or accord. to Mbr, it denotes emendation, wherever it occurs, in the case of a negation or an affirmation: (T, TA:) or it is a word of emendation, and denoting digression from that which precedes; as also بَنْ, in which the ن is a substitute for the ل, because بل is of frequent occurrence, and بن is rare; or, as IJ says, the latter may be an independent dial. var. (M.) When it is followed by a proposition, the meaning of the digression is either the cancelling of what precedes, as in وَقَالُوا ٱتَّخَذَ ٱلرَّحْمَانُ وَلَدًا سُبْحَانَهُ بَلْ عِبَادٌ مُكْرَمُونَ [And they said, "The Compassionate hath gotten offspring:" extolled be his freeedom from that which is derogatory from his glory! nay, or nay rather, or nay but, they are honoured servants (Ḳur xxi. 26)], or transition from one object of discourse to another, as in :

قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَن تَزَكَّىٰ
He has certainly succeeded who purifies himself

وَذَكَرَ اسْمَ رَبِّهِ فَصَلَّىٰ
And mentions the name of his Lord and prays.

بَلْ تُؤْثِرُونَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا
But you prefer the worldly life,

(Ḳur lxxxvii. 14-16): (Mughanee, Ḳ:*) and in all such cases it is an inceptive particle; not a conjunctive. (Mughnee.) When it is followed by a single word, it is a conjunction (Ṣ,* Mṣb,* Mughnee, Ḳ) and requires that word be in the same case as the word before it: (Ṣ:) and if preceded by a command or an affirmation, as in اٍضْرِبْ زَيْدًا بَلْ عَمْرًا [Beat thou Zeyd: no, 'Amr], (Mṣb, Mughnee, Ḳ,) and قَامَ زَيْدٌ بَلْ عَمْرٌ [Zeyd stood: no, 'Amr], (M, Mughnee, Ḳ,) or جَاءَنِي أَخُوكَ بَلْ أَبُوكَ [Thy brother came to me: no, thy father], (Ṣ,) it makes what precedes it to be as though nothing were said respecting it, (Ṣ,* Mṣb,* Mughnee, Ḳ,) making the command or affirmation to relate to what follows it: (Ṣ,* Mṣb,* Mughnee :) [and similar to these cases is the case in which it is preceded by an interrogation: see أَمْ as syn. with this particle:] but when it is preceded by a negation or a prohibition, it is used to confirm the meaning of what precedes it and to assign the contrary of that meaning to what follows it, (Mughnee, Ḳ,) as in مَا قَامَ زَيْدٌ بَلْ عَمْرٌ [Zeyd stood not, but 'Amr stood], (Mughnee,) or مَا رَأَيْتُ زَيْدًا بَلْ عَمْرًا [I saw not Zeyd, but I saw 'Amr] and لَا يَقُمْ زَيْدٌ بَلْ عَمْرٌ [Let not Zeyd stand, but let 'Amr stand]. (Mughnee,) Mbr and 'Abd-El-Wárith allow its being used to transfer the meaning of the negation and the prohibition to what follows it; so that, accord. to them, one may say, مَا زَيْدٌ قَائِمًا لبَلْ قَعِدًا [as meaning Zeyd is not standing: no, is not sitting], and بَلْ قَاعِدٌ [but is sitting]; the meaning being different [in the two cases]. (Mughnee, Ḳ.*) The Koofees disallow its being used as a conjunction after anything but a negation [so in the Mughnee, but in the Ḳ a prohibition,] or the like thereof; so that one should not say, صَرَبْفُ زَيْدًا بَلْ إِيَّاكَ [I beat Zeyd: no, thee]. (Mughnee, Ḳ.) Sometimes لَا is added before it, to corroborate the meaning of digression, after an affirmation, as in the saying,

وَجْهُكَ البَدْرُ لَا بَلِ الشَّمْسُ لَوْ لَمْ
يُقْضَ لِلشَّمْسِ كَسْفَةٌ وَأُفُولُ
[Thy face is the full moon: no, but it would be the sun, were it not that eclipse and setting are appointed to happen to the sun]: and to corroborate what precedes it, after a negation, as in

وَمَا هَجَرْتُكَ لَا بَلْ زَادَنِي شَغَفًا
هَجْرٌ وَبُعْدٌ تَرَاخى لَا إِلى أَجَلِ
[And I did not abandon thee, or have not abandoned thee: no, but abandonment and distance, protracted, not to an appointed period, increased, or have increased, my heart-felt love]. (Mughnee, Ḳ.*) _ Sometimes it is used to denote the passing from one subject to another without cancelling [what precedes it], and is syn. with وَ, as in the saying in the Ḳur [Ixxxv. 20 and 21]

وَاللَّهُ مِن وَرَائِهِم مُّحِيطٌ
While Allah encompasses them from behind.

بَلْ هُوَ قُرْآنٌ مَّجِيدٌ
But this is an honored Qur'an

[or here it may mean إِنَّ, as in an ex. bellow]: and to this meaning it is made to accord in the saying, لَهُ عَلَيَّ دِينَارٌ بَلْ دِرْهَمٌ. [I owe him deenár and a dirhem]. (Mṣb.) _ In the following saying in the Ḳur [xxxviii. 1 and 2],

ص ۚ وَالْقُرْآنِ ذِي الذِّكْرِ
Sad. By the Qur'an containing reminder...

بَلِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فِي عِزَّةٍ وَشِقَاقٍ
But those who disbelieve are in pride and dissension.

it is said to signify إِنَّ; [so that the meaning is, By the Ḳur-án possessed of eminence, verily they who have disbelieved are in a state of pride and opposition;] therefore the oath applies to it. (Akh, Ṣ.) _ Sometimes the Arabs use it in breaking of a saying and commencing another; and thus a man commences with it a citation, or recitation of verse; in which case, it does not form any part of the first verse, but is a sign of the breaking off or ending, of what precedes. (Akh, Ṣ.) _ Sometimes it is put in the place of رُبَّ, (Ṣ, Mughnee,) as in the saying of the rájiz,

بَلْ مَهْمَهٍ قَطَعْتُ بَعْدَ مَهْمَهٍ
[Many a far-extending desert have I traversed, after a far-extending desert]. (Ṣ: [and a similar ex. is given in the Mughnee.]) _ What is deficient in this word [supposing it to be originally of three letters] is unknown; and so in the cases of هَلْ and قَدّ: it may be a final و, or ي; or they may be originally بَلّ and هَلّ and قَدّ. (Akh, Ṣ.)

(voir lane's lexicon page 280 et 281 and Table of lexicological and Grammatical Terms &c. used in the Lane's Lexicon).

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